GenBank
Verified working Jul 31, 2026
A global NIH repository for public DNA sequences and annotations.
GenBank is NCBI’s public database for nucleotide sequence records, including DNA sequence data and associated annotations submitted by researchers and other data providers. It is part of the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration, with daily data exchange among GenBank, DDBJ, and the European Nucleotide Archive. Users can search records online, compare sequences with BLAST, submit new records, and retrieve data through programmatic and bulk-download channels.
Why it stands out
- Part of the international nucleotide archive network, with daily synchronization across the U.S., Europe, and Japan.
- Provides both web search tools and large-scale retrieval options for computational biology workflows.
- Uses accessioned records that can be cited, updated, and linked across NCBI databases.
- Combines automated and manual processing before public release to improve record consistency and integrity.
- NCBI places no general restrictions on use or redistribution of GenBank data.
Good to know
- NCBI notes that some submitted records may include third-party patent, copyright, or other intellectual-property claims that it cannot evaluate or clear for users.
- Records are primarily built from submissions, so accuracy and completeness can vary by submitter and sequence type.
- On rare occasions, data may be removed from public view after release.
- Beginning June 16, 2026, GenBank will stop accepting personal sequence data from private individuals.
Under the radar: If you need to parse GenBank flatfiles, start with NCBI’s annotated sample Saccharomyces cerevisiae record; it explains fields that are easy to misread when building scripts.
Photos

Molecular biologists and bioinformaticians use GenBank to find reference nucleotide sequences, accessioned records, and sequence annotations for research workflows. Look up a published sequence by accession number or organism/gene annotation. Run BLAST searches against GenBank sequence databases to identify related sequences. Submit newly generated sequence data for public release and citation. Download full GenBank releases or divisions for local analysis pipelines.
Search through Entrez Nucleotide; sequence similarity search via BLAST; submission tools and portals for different sequence types; bimonthly GenBank releases; release notes and growth statistics; sample flatfile record documentation; links to WGS, TSA, TPA, metagenome, genome, and specialized submission guidance.
Technical Notes
- NCBI E-utilities support programmatic search, linking, and sequence download for GenBank-related records.
- Bulk GenBank releases are available from NCBI’s anonymous FTP server in flatfile format, with ASN.1 data also provided.
- GenBank releases occur every two months, with release notes and statistics published for each version.
Alternative listings
Open access to millions of STEM preprints before journal publication.
Open Data & Research PortalsarXiv is a long-running open archive for scholarly articles, especially preprints, across physics, mathematics, computer science, statistics, quantitative biology, quantitative finance, electrical engineering, systems science, and economics. Users can search or browse by subject area and access papers without a paywall, but arXiv itself does not peer review the material it hosts.
0 votesVisit siteAn open preprint repository for early social science research.
Open Data & Research PortalsSocArXiv is a preprint service hosted on OSF for sharing working papers and other social science research before formal journal publication. It helps researchers make manuscripts discoverable, citeable, and accessible while keeping them connected to the broader OSF research infrastructure.
0 votesVisit site
Similar sites elsewhere
- European Nucleotide Archive — ebi.ac.uk/ena
- DNA Data Bank of Japan — ddbj.nig.ac.jp
1 of 4